Core Questions

Core Scientific Questions

When the substrate is soft, curved, or tumbling through the air,
how do we let it still “sense” the world and coordinate with its peers?

Flexible electronics is, at its heart, a mechanics problem: its electrical function depends on how the structure deforms and is precisely controlled under coupled mechanical, thermal, and electrical fields. Around the core question of “distributed sensing on flexible substrates,” we develop three mutually reinforcing capabilities that together form the sensing infrastructure for Physical AI.

Flexible Electronic Microfliers

Distributed Spatial Sensing Nodes

  • How to design and fabricate microfliers that are lighter, smaller, and stay airborne longer?
  • How to achieve active control of microfliers at millimeter and micrometer scales?

High-Temperature Flexible Multimodal Sensors

Extreme-Environment Structural Monitoring

  • How to stably sense pressure, temperature and strain at several hundred degrees Celsius?
  • How to make flexible thin-film sensors conformally attach to engine curved surfaces?

Flexible Intelligent Microsystems

Human–Machine–Environment Fusion Terminal

  • How to pack sensing, communication and actuation into fibers and soft bodies for human–machine–environment fusion?
  • How to move flexible electronics from “can sense” to “can think and act”?
  • How can a swarm of microfliers self-organize and emerge with collective intelligence?
Architecture

Research Architecture

Core Scientific Questions Grounded in theoretical and applied mechanics · Distributed sensing on flexible substrates Flexible ElectronicMicrofliers 5 members Bio-inspired 3D microflierstructural design Flight mechanics and activecontrol Sensing–communication–actuationsystem integration Wireless networking and low-powervideo Team Xiuxia GengMingcang LiaoYichen LiuXuanyu WuHongwei Xie Publications Nat. Commun. 2026Mater. Today 2025Math. Mech. Complex Syst. 2025Nano Energy 2021 · Nature 2021PNAS 2019 · Nat. Commun. 2017 High-Temperature FlexibleMultimodal Sensors 5 members Multi-parameter distributedsensing Pressure-array sensing Nanoscale effects and in-situsensing Flexible PZT thin-filmpiezoelectric sensing Flexible multimodal sensing Flexible skin and conformalsurfaces Team Chao HouJinghui LingYing LüJinyu PanZijian Xu Publications Discover Sensors 2026High-Temp. Mater. 2025Int. J. Mech. Sci. 2024Nano-Micro Lett. 2024Nat. Commun. 2024Adv. Mater. Technol. 2023Rare Metals 2023 · View 2022 Flexible IntelligentMicrosystems 5 members Triboelectric nanogeneratorfibers Flexible hybrid sensing andwireless localization Modular flexible robots and softactuation Invasive brain–computerinterfaces Rotor health monitoring (Y. Han) Team Yanqi HanLonghai XiaoChong ZengHao ZhangYanchen Zhu Publications Acta Autom. Sinica 2026Programmable Mater. 2024Sci. Adv. 2021 · Sci. Adv. 2020Nat. Biomed. Eng. 2020Sci. Transl. Med. 2018npj Digit. Med. 2018Sci. Adv. 2018 Applications Air–ground cooperative sensingnodes Near-space distributed networking Planetary-exploration sensingfront-ends Environmental monitoring andpollutant capture Extreme-environment structuralmonitoring Aero-engine hot-section monitoring Mercury and Jupiterextreme-environment exploration Nuclear and industrial monitoring Human–machine–environment fusionterminals Wearable and implantable healthmonitoring Soft-robot sense–actuateintegration Neural interfaces andrehabilitation

Fig. Research architecture grounded in theoretical and applied mechanics: three mutually reinforcing capability directions and their representative application scenarios for Physical AI.